Multi-species management plan for Athabasca Sand Dunes 2013: chapter 3

8. References

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AGRA. 1999. Terrestrial environmental effects monitoring program: 1998 jack pine vegetation assessment. AGRA Earth and Environmental Limited.  Submitted to Wood Buffalo Environmental Association.

Aherne, J. 2008. Calculating critical loads of acid deposition for forest soils in Alberta: critical load, exceedance and limitations. Final Report. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. 14 pp.

AMEC. 2002. Vegetation stress survey in the vicinity of the Syncrude and surrounding oil sands leases August 2001. AMEC Earth and Environmental Limited. Submitted to Wood Buffalo Environmental Association.

AMEC. 2003. 2002 forest health assessment of the jack pine soil acidification monitoring plots. AMEC Earth and Environmental Limited. Submitted to Wood Buffalo Environmental Association.

Argus, G.W. 1998. Status report on species at risk in Canada: Tyrrell’s Willow (Salix tyrrelli). Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa.

Argus, G.W. 1999a. Update COSEWICstatus report on the Athabasca Thrift Armeria maritima ssp. interior in Canada. in COSEWICassessment and update status report on the Athabasca thrift Armeria maritima ssp. interior in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 1-12 pp.

Argus, G.W. 1999b. Addendum to the updated COSEWICstatus of Salix tyrrellii. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa.

Argus, G.W. 2010. Salix silicicola. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 16+  vols. New York and Oxford.  vol. 7, pp. 147-148. [Accessed September 2011].

Argus, G.W., and J.W. Steele. 1979. A re-evaluation of the taxonomy of Salix tyrrellii, a sand dune endemic. Systematic Botany 4:163-177.

Bihun, G. 1998. Athabasca Sand Dunes Provincial Park. Park Management Strategy. Draft document from Saskatchewan Parks Service.

Chiapella, J.O., V.L. DeBoer, G.C. Amico, and J.C. Kuhl. 2011. A morphological and molecular study in the Deschampsia cespitosa complex (Poaceae; Poeae; Airinae) in northern North America. American Journal of Botany 98:1366-1380.

David, P.P. 1981. The aeolian environment. pp. B-19- B-56 in The Athabasca Sand Dunes of Saskatchewan – a multidisciplinary study.  vol.2 (Appendices). Saskatchewan Research Council Publication No. C-805-21-E-80.

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Foster, K.R., K. McDonald, and K. Eastlick. 2001. Development and application of critical, target and monitoring loads for the management of acid deposition in Alberta, Canada. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus 1: 135–151.

Godwin, B., and J. Thorpe. 2006. Plant species at risk surveys in Elbow, Dundurn, and Rudy-Rosedale PFRA Pastures. Saskatchewan Research Council Publication No.11997-1E06.

Harms, V.L. 1982. A plant taxonomic survey of the Uranium City region, Lake Athabasca north shore, emphasizing the naturally colonizing plants on uranium mine and mill wastes and other human-disturbed sites. Report submitted to Saskatchewan Dept. of Environment. University of Saskatchewan.

Harms, V.L. 1996. Status report on Impoverished Pinweed (Lechea intermediavar. . depauperata). Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa.

Harms, V.L. 1998. Status report on species at risk in Canada: Mackenzie Hairgrass (Deschampsia mackenzieana). Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa.

Harms, V.L. 1999a. Status report on species at risk in Canada: Large-headed Woolly Yarrow (Achillea millefolium var. . megacephala). Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa.

Harms, V.L. 1999b. Status report on species at risk in Canada: Sand-dune Short-capsuled Willow (Salix brachycarpa var. psammophila). Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa.

Harms, V.L. 1999c. Status report on species at risk in Canada: Felt-leaf Willow (Salix silicicola). Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa.

Harms, V.L. 1999d. Status report on species at risk in Canada: Turnor’s Willow (Salix turnorii). Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa.

Harms, V.L. 1999e. Status report on species at risk in Canada: Floccose Tansy (Tanacetum huronense var.floccosum). Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa.

Hermesh, R. 1972. A study of the ecology of the Athabasca Sand Dunes with emphasis on the phytogenic aspects of dune formation. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Plant Ecology, University of Saskatchewan. Saskatoon.

Jonker, P. no date. Range, habitat, and status of the rare and endemic flora found in Lake Athabasca Sand Dunes Provincial Wilderness Park – literature review and recommended prioritization of taxa for conservation. Extension Division, University of Saskatchewan. Saskatoon.

Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A Synonymized Checklist and Atlas with Biological Attributes for the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First Edition. In: Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. Edited by: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, NC.

Lamb, E.G., J. Mischkolz, and D. Guedo. 2011. The distribution and abundance of the endemic vascular plant taxa of the Athabasca Sand Dunes of northern Saskatchewan (PDF; 9.42 MB). Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan. 75 pp.

Lamb, E.G., and D. D. Guedo. 2012. The distribution, abundance, and environmental affinities of the endemic vascular plant taxa of the Athabasca Sand Dunes of Northern Saskatchewan. Ecoscience19:161-169.

Leconte, R., D. Peters, A. Pietroniro, T. Prowse. 2006. Modelling climate change impacts in the Peace and Athabasca Catchment and delta: II - variations in flow and water levels with var.ing winter severity. Hydrological Processes 20:4215:4230.

Line, J., G. Brunner, R. Rosie, and K. Russell. 2008. Results of the 2007 invasive plants roadside inventory in Yukon. NatureServe Yukon. Whitehorse, Yukon. 38 pp. Available at: Invasive Plants Roadside Inventory Nov 14

Macdonald, S.E., C.C. Chinnappa, D.M. Reid, and B.G. Purdy. 1987. Population differentiation of the Stellaria longipes complex within Saskatchewan’s Athabasca sand dunes. Canadian Journal of Botany 65:1726-1732.

Menges, E.S., E.O. Guerrant, Jr., and S. Hamze. 2004. Effects of seed collection on the extinction risk of perennial plants. pp. 305-324 in E.O. Guerrant, Jr., K. Havens, and M. Maunder (eds.). Ex situ plant conservation: supporting species survival in the wild. Society for Ecological Restoration International and Center for Plant Conservation. Island Press, Covelo, CA.

Mosquin, T. 1997. Management guidelines for invasive alien species in Canada’s national parks. Ecospherics International Ltd. Available at: Ecospherics Ethics.

Meterological Service of Canada. 2004. Canadian acid deposition science assessment. Environment Canada, Meteorological Service of Canada.

NatureServe. 2011. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. [Accessed: January 19, 2012].

Parisien, M.A., K.G. Hirsch, S.G. Lavoie, J.B. Todd, and V.G. Kafka. 2004. Saskatchewan fire regime analysis. Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Information Report NOR-X-394.

Parks Branch. 1988. Park land zoning. Saskatchewan Parks, Recreation and Culture, Report 88-13.

Pepper, J. 2009. Species at risk in Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre.

Pietroniro, A., R. Leconte, B. Toth, D.L. Peters, N. Kouwen, F.M. Conly, T. Prowse. 2006. Modelling climate change impacts in the Peace and Athabasca catchment and delta: III - integrated model assessment. Hydrological Processes 20:4231-4245.

Prowse, T.D., S. Beltaos, J.T. Gardner, J.J. Gibson, R.J. Granger, R. Leconte, D.L. Peters, A. Pietroniro, L.A. Romolo, and B. Toth. 2006. Climate change, flow regulation and land-use effects on the hydrology of the Peace-Athabasca-Slave System; finding from the Northern Rivers Ecosystem Initiative. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 113:167-197.

Purdy, B.G., and R.J. Bayer. 1995a. Allozyme variation in the Athabasca sand dune endemic Salix silicicola, and the closely related widespread species S. alaxensis. Systematic Botany 20:179-190.

Purdy, B.G., and R.J. Bayer. 1995b. Genetic diversity in the tetraploid sand dune endemic Deschampsia mackienzieana and its widespread diploid progenitor D. cespitosa (Poaceae). American Journal of Botany 82:121-130.

Purdy, B.G., and R.J. Bayer. 1996. Genetic variation in populations of the endemic Achillea millefolium ssp. megacephala from the Athabasca sand dunes and the widespread ssp. lanulosa in western North America. Canadian Journal of Botany 74:1138-1146.

Purdy, B.G., R.J. Bayer, and S.E. Macdonald. 1994. Genetic variation, breeding system evolution, and conservation of the narrow sand dune endemic Stellaria arenicola and the widespread S. longipes (Caryophyllaceae). American Journal of Botany 81:904-911.

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Simberloff, D. 2001. Management of boreal forest biodiversity – a view from the outside. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Resources 3:105-118.

Sinnatamby, R.N., Yi Yi, M.A. Sokal, K.P. Clogg-Wright, T. Asada, S.R. Vardy, T.L. Karst-Riddoch, W.M. Last, J.W. Johnston, R.I. Hall, B.B. Wolfe, T.W. D. Edwards. 2009. Historical and paleolimnological evidence for expansion of Lake Athabasca (Canada) during the Little Ice Age. Journal of Paleolimnology 43:705-717.

Sumners, W.H., and O.W. Archibold. 2007. Exotic plant species in the southern boreal forest of Saskatchewan. Forest Ecology and Management 251:156–163.

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Trock, D. 2006. Achillea millefolium. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 16+ vols.  New York and Oxford.  vol. 19, 20 and 21, pp. 491-493. (Accessed September 2011).

Villano, K.L., and C.P.H. Mulder. 2008. Invasive plant spread in burned lands of interior Alaska. National Park Service – Alaska Region and National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Watson, L. 2006. Tanacetum bipinnatum. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico.  16+ vols.  New York and Oxford. vol. 19, 20 and 21, pp. 489-490. (Accessed September 2011).

WBK & Associates Inc. 2006. 2004 Acid deposition assessment for Alberta. A report of the Acid Deposition Assessment Group. Prepared for Alberta Environment. Edmonton, Alberta. 82 pp.

Whitfield, C.J., J. Aherne, S.A. Watmough, and M. McDonald. 2010. Estimating the sensitivity of forest soils to acid deposition in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta. Journal of Limnology 69: 201-208.

Wolfe, B.B., R.I. Hall, T.W.D. Edwards, S.R. Jarvis, R.N. Sinnatamby, Y. Yi, and J.W. Johnston. 2008. Climate-driven shifts in quantity and seasonality of river discharge over the past 1000 years from the hydrographic apex of North America. Geophysical Research Letters  vol. 35, L24402.

Personal Communications:
Argus, G. 2011. Personal communication; email correspondence on Salix silicicola to B. Bennett, 4 Feb 2011, and forwarded by B. Bennett to C. Neufeld, 13 April 2011. Researcher Emeritus, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, ON.

Bennett, B. 2011. Personal communication; email correspondence on Deschampsia mackenzieana to C. Neufeld, 13 April 2011 and 24 August 2011. Co-chair, Vascular Plant Subcommittee, COSEWIC, Whitehorse, YK.

Gould, J. 2011. Personal communication; email correspondence on Tanacetum to C. Neufeld, 14 Sept 2011.  Science Coordinator, Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation, Edmonton, AB.

Appendix A. Effects on the Environment and Other Species

A strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is conducted on all SARA recovery planning documents, in accordance with the Cabinet Directive on the Environmental Assessment of Policy, Plan and Program Proposals. The purpose of a SEA is to incorporate environmental considerations into the development of public policies, plans, and program proposals to support environmentally sound decision-making.

Recovery planning is intended to benefit species at risk and biodiversity in general. However, it is recognized that plans may also inadvertently lead to environmental effects beyond the intended benefits. The planning process based on national guidelines directly incorporates consideration of all environmental effects, with a particular focus on possible impacts upon non-target species or habitats. The results of the SEA are incorporated directly into the plan itself, but are also summarized below.

Continued protection of Athabasca Sand Dunes Provincial Park will have generally benign effects on the other native species of the area, although the threats to these species are generally low. Three species with restricted ranges have traditionally been associated with the seven species of special concern, although they are not currently listed by SARA: Tyrrell’s Willow (Salix tyrrellii), Sand Stitchwort (Stellaria arenicola), and Impoverished Pinweed (Lechea intermedia var. . depauperata). Tyrrell’s Willow and Sand Stitchwort are both species of active dunes, with Tyrrell’s Willow considered to be the dominant shrub on these sites (Macdonald et al. 1987, Argus 1998, Argus 1999b). Therefore, maintaining habitat for the seven species of special concern that are active dune species should also benefit these two species. Impoverished Pinweed, on the other hand, is found (rarely) in open jack pine stands and wetlands (Harms 1996), so its habitat requirements are different from the species of special concern. Nevertheless there is nothing in the management plan that would adversely affect Impoverished Pinweed. Other SARA-listed species that could occur in the area of the Athabasca Sand Dunes include Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus - threatened), Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor - threatened), Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi - threatened), Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus - special concern), Yellow Rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis - special concern), Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus – special concern), and Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens – special concern). Because the management plan mainly deals with conservation of natural ecosystems and processes, rather than any intensive habitat manipulation, it is unlikely that it will have negative impacts on these species.

1These records require further review to positively confirm identification. As both of these specimens were collected more than 25 years ago with identification uncertain and no recent confirmations of either the species presence at these sites or suitable habitat still existing, this management plan will only deal with the occurrences within the Athabasca Sand Dunes until further information becomes available. Although Large-headed Woolly Yarrow is recorded in NatureServe (2011) as also being in NWT and AB, Harms (1999a) refutes these claims. Alberta has records of Tanacetum bipinnatumssp. huronense in the Lake Athabasca region and think it may be the same as what Saskatchewan refers to as Tanacetum huronensevar.floccosum but are unable to confirm that (J. Gould, pers. comm. 2011; see preface) so it is not being included in this plan; Harms (1999e) refers to the Alberta population as Tanacetum huronensevar. bifarium, stating that var. floccosum only occurs in SK but that var. bifarium also occurs in the Saskatchewan Athabasca Sand Dunes alongside var. . floccosum, likely hybridizing with it.

2Characterized by an abundance of moisture

3Characterized by a moderate amount of moisture

4Charaterized by a small amount of moisture

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